Restoration

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</div>

<h1 class="title">The Restoration of Durant-Dort Factory One</h1>

<p>In 2013, General Motors purchased and began a three-year restoration and renovation of the two-story, 30,184-square-foot historic Durant-Dort Factory One building. The goal was to preserve an early cornerstone of the global auto industry in Flint and create a modern meeting and exhibition space for GM and the community.</p>

<p>The project is part historic preservation of a Victorian-era structure and part 21st-century renovation. <a href="http://www.smithgroupjjr.com/">SmithGroupJJR</a> was selected for its extensive experience in preservation and modern archive design.</p>

</div>

<h2>Exterior Improvements:</h2>

<ul>

<li>A new roof system, doors and custom mahogany, divided-pane windows were installed. The windows are painted green to match the historic Durant-Dort Carriage Company office building across the street.</li>

<li>Brick masonry bearing walls underwent work to repair cracks and replace deteriorated mortar and bricks. The work included a partial rebuild of the parapet walls to improve their integrity, and correct irregularities where walls were no longer plumb.</li>

<li>About 17,000 color-matched bricks replace those damaged by the elements and time.</li>

<li>5,000 linear feet of mortar, or about 20 percent of that on the building, is new but blended to match the existing mortar.</li>

<li>New limestone capstones – or the trim at the top of the brick – and concealed through-wall flashing – pieces of metal installed within the mortar beneath the capstones – were installed at the parapet to replace aging materials.</li>

</ul>

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<h2>Unique Challenges:</h2>

<ul>

<li>The walls, as was the custom at the time, are three-bricks-thick with no insulation. Time, rain and ice caused deterioration, and water seeped in. The riverfront site flooded several times, adding to water damage. New bricks, mortar and waterproofing addressed the problem. Flooding issues have been corrected.</li>

<li>The grade of the building is about 18 inches lower than it was in the 1880s. Once level with the road, changes to the exterior grade – mostly due to road improvements over time – left the first floor submerged, allowing water runoff to erode brick and cause foundation settling.</li>

<li>Perimeter walls were excavated and waterproofing applied to brick foundation walls to help reduce future water infiltration.</li>

</ul>

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<h2>Interior Work:</h2>

<ul>

<li>Workers removed interior partitions added for contemporary offices and medical exam rooms, and discovered original pre-industrial architecture that Paul Urbanek of SmithGroup calls “remarkable wood structure and joinery.”</li>

<li>Because the building has to function in part as a modern office, electronics are integrated within the historic context. Urbanek said the design makes clear what is new: “Metal pieces are grey, gypsum board is painted white, but with a sense of authenticity. We wanted it to be real, but not like it was original.”</li>

</ul>

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<h2>Unique Challenges:</h2>

<ul>

<li>Erosion, floods and brick deterioration caused walls to bow, columns to tilt, and ceilings to shift. As much as possible, the exterior walls and parapet have been straightened and waterproofed.</li>

<li>In the building’s two-story section, areas of the second level dipped about 9 ½ inches. Workers leveled it with a new raised subfloor and used the space created under it to install power and data and communications equipment.</li>

<li>Archives dating to the late 19th century need protection from climate fluctuations and porous outer walls. A glass-encased, vapor-sealed room in the building’s center protects archives from temperature fluctuations and porous walls. A mechanical system maintains a temperature of 72 degrees plus or minus 2 degrees, and 50 percent humidity, plus or minus 5 percent.</li>

</ul>

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<h2>Restoration Before</h2>

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<h2>Restoration After</h2>

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